Urticaria or hives describes an eruption of itchy wheals (welts) which may be of a size from 5 mm (0.2 inch) to more than 10 inch. Mostly it is caused by an allergic reaction and characterized by a raised red skin wheal. But sometimes Urticaria is not caused by Allergic reaction and in these cases it has some another causes as induced by Heat, Sweating, Cold, Pressure, Sun exposure, Emotional stress and some depressive events.

Urticaria is generally caused by direct contact with an allergenic substance, or an immune response to food or some other allergen. Urticaria or Hives may last from few hours to few days. Sometimes sweating, headache, vertigo, low blood pressure, nausea, vomiting may present with Urticaria. Urticaria may involve any part of body.

Treatment

Allopathic Treatment for Urticaria is mainly Anti-allergic drugs in the form of Anti- histamines as cetirizine, diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine. These are taken on a regular basis to protective effect, lessening or halting attacks. Sometimes Corticosteroids such as prednisone is prescribed. But this treatment has wide range of side effects.

Homeopathic Treatment:-

In Homeopathy, 125 different medicines are used to cure Urticaria permanently. Wide range of Medicines is available for Urticaria from different

causes. Repertory of Urticaria :-

Urticaria from Emotion- Anacardium, Bovista, Ignatia, Kali Brom.

Urticaria Gastric Derangement from- Antim Crud, Pulsatilla, Arsenic Alb, Carbo Veg, Copiava, Dulcamara, Nux Vomica, Robinia

Urticaria Sweat from - Apis

Urticaria Diarrhea with- Puls, Apis, Bovista

Urticaria Edema with- Apis, Vespa

Urticaria Increase with onset of Menstruation- Cimicifuga racemosa, Dulcamara, Kali Carb, Mag Carb

Urticaria Cold From - Ars Alb, Dulcamara, Rhus tox, Rumex, Sepia

Urticaria from Open air- Nitric Acid, Sepia

Urticaria Alcohol from – Chloralum

Urticaria from Warmth – Apis, Dulcamara, Kali Carb, Lycopodium, Sulphur

Urticaria Fever during - Apis, Ignatia, Rhus Tox, Copiava, Rhus Venata, Sulphur, Chloralum

Urticaria from eating meat- Antim Crud

These are most common conditions occur with Urticaria. Do not use medicines directly from this list. Take medicine only after detail consultation with a homeopath.

Homeopathic medicines are prescribed on basis of similar individuality of patient with medicines. But many cases does not present with a good number of symptoms. Masters and famous prescribers has suggested some indicated medicines in disorders with few symptoms.

Lipoma :  Baryta Carb, Baryta Mur, Baryta Iod.

Warts :   On Wrist – Ferrum magneticum.

Back of Fingers -  Dulcamara.

Side of Fingers – Calc. Carb Around Nails – Causticum

Obstinate Warts – Bacillinum

Flat and Bleeding Warts – Baryta Carb., Mag. Sulph, Calc. Calcinata

Proteinuria :   In children  -  Kali Chloratum  and Ichthyotoxin.

Frozen Shoulder  and Tennis Elbow  :  Ruta is a good remedy in both these disorders.

Cholesterol Increased :  Calc. Carb 6, Phosphorus 6, Thuja 6

Boils  :  Myristica Sebifera  200 X    only 1 dose abort, hasten suppuration and heal quickly.

Cervical Spondylitis, Neck Pains :  Lachnantes 6

Thumb Sucking :  Calc. Phos, Calc. Carb, Ipecac 1M, Natrum Mur. , Silicea.

Taste Bitter :

Milk Taste Bitter – Sabina

Bitter While Smoking – Cocculus, Puls.

Sugar Tastes bitter – Sanguinaria

Plums Taste Bitter -  Iodum

Water Taste Bitter – Ars. Album

Phimosis  :  Cannabis Sativa

Cracked and ulcerated Nipples  :  Castor Equi.

Nail Biting  :  Ars. Album, Arum T., Calc Carb, Cina, Stramonium.

Keloids :  Nitric Acid 200 / 1M, Thiosinaminum 6, Acid Flour, Silicea.

Chronic Sick Headache  :  Chionanthus 6

Anal Fissure :  Hypericum, Nitric Acid, Ratanhia

These days numerous surgical procedures are done on human body for different disorders. During and after these minor and major surgical disorders many un-desirable symptoms and complication develops and persists. Following Homeopathic medicines are indicated to improve these after effects.

Arnica 200, 1M  :  When given before surgery will protect against shock, collapse and undesirable hemorrhage.

Phosphorus 200,1M  :  Given before anesthesia (specially Chloroform) it helps to check shock, nausea, vomiting, hemorrhage in nervous patients.

Arsenic Album 200 / Carbo Veg 200  :  Prevents shock, collapse and Threatened peritonitis.

Acetic Acid 30  :  Debility caused by Anesthesia.

Hypericum 200  :  Debility caused by surgical shock, lumbar puncture, nerve injuries, amputations, spinal or brain surgeries.

Echinacea 30 / Gun Powder 3X  :  Gangrene, Blood Poisoning, Septics.

Aconite 30, 200  :  It is indicated in patients who have very much Shock, fear, fear of death, restlessness , Anxiety about surgeries.

Pyrogenum 200  :  Very important medicine in Septics, Puerperal septicemia where pulse rate is very high or very low and not proportionate to temperature.

Arnica 1M  :  Unconsciousness due to concussion, loss of vision and hearing caused by Brain Injury or shock. Helps in cases of Appendectomy and after surgeries on right lower abdomen.

Pulsatilla 200  :  Helps in proper presentation proper presentation of fetus during labour . Helps in normal parturition.

Allium Cepa 1M  :  Severe Neuralgic pains in amputated stumps, pain like fine thread and shooting.

Staphysigria 200, 1M  :  Pains like cutting by knife, if  persists after surgery. Indicated also in clean cut injuries.

Opium 200 / Helleborus 1M  :  Persistent stupor.

Solidago 1X  /  Sabal Serrulatum Q  :  Helps in cases of retained urine. Works like natural catheter  and eliminates the use of catheter.

Phosphorus 200 / Arnica 200  :  Check pain and hemorrhage of tooth extraction.

Sepia 200  :  Persistent inflammation and pain after tooth extraction.

Symphytum Q, 200, 1M  :  Fractures, Bone surgeries, promote union.

Hekla Lava 3X, Conium 200, Calc Flour 6X, Causticum 200 :  In cases of Hard bone tumours, and bony growths.

Bovista 30 :  Hard swelling persisting on a fractured and joined bone.

Sticta Paul 30, 200 / Kali Phos 200 / Coffea 200  :  Sleeplessness after surgeries.

Bellies P 30 , 200  :  Sore pains, Bed sores, Suppuration.

Baryta carb 200 / Cistus Can 200  :  Enlarged cervical glands, after tonsillectomy, soft tumours.

Bellies P 30 / Conium 200 / Phytolacca 200  :  Post operative inflammation of breasts ( Mastitis) in females.

Merc Sulph 200/ 1M   :  Useful in absorption of plural effusion after thoracic surgeries.

Aconite 30 / Belladona 30 / Merc. Sol 30  :  Post operative rise in temperature.

Hepar sulph 3x / Myristica 3x  :  Easy draining of abscess.

Hepar Sulph 1M / Silicea 1M / Calc. Sulph 1M  :  Helps in drying up suppurating wounds and boils.

Backache is very common in pregnancy, affecting one in every two women, especially in the later months. There are two main causes.

First, as baby grows, the increasing weight of abdomen tends to pull lower spine forwards, so that it is curved. This puts a strain on lower back muscles. As lower spine is pulled forward, so shoulders tend to be pulled back to compensate, and this puts a strain on the muscles in upper back.

• Be careful about posture. Try not to let abdomen tip too far forward. You can correct this by tilting your pelvis forward instead (as if you were pressing your lower back into a wall). Open out your shoulders so that they are not pressed together and lift your rib cage.
• Be careful when lifting – squat down to pick up anything heavy; never bend forward from the waist. Better still, get someone else to do it
• Wear flattish comfortable shoes, not high heels
• Put a cushion behind your lower back when you are sitting
• Put something hot (like a hot water bottle) or cold (like a bag of frozen peas) against your lower back
• Get someone to give you a back massage
• Sleep on a firm mattress
• Talk to your midwife about using a special maternity girdle if the problem is severe. She can supply one and show you how to use it
• If your backache is due to the position your baby is in, try kneeling down on all fours. This moves the weight of the baby off your back and can give fast relief

Don’t s

• Don’tsleep on a soft bed
• Don’t sleep on your back. try to sleep on your side.
• Don’t bend over from the waist to pick things,better is to sit down, keep your back straight and pick up things
• Don’t lift heavy objects
• Avoid excessive weight gain

How can Homeopathy help in Backache during pregnancy?

There are some of the commonly used homeopathic medicines for Backache during pregnancy-

1. Aesculus hip- if severe, continuous, dull ache in lower back and hips, Back feels tired and weak when walking, Backache worse when walking or stooping.
2. Arnica montana – Backache due to strain on back muscle of injury, sore,lame, bruised feeling as if beaten, bed seems too hard, can not walk straight.
3. Rhus toxicodendron – Pain and stiffness in the lower back, Pain better when moving, lying on something hard and on hot fomentation, pain worse while sitting.

Beside these 3 medicines there are number of other medicines available in Homeopathy. Always take medicine after consulting a physician.

Anemia is defined as low level of Hemoglobin or less number of red blood cells in blood then their corresponding normal range.
Anemia is the most common disorder of blood. Women are more sufferer than men. 20% of women in developed world and more then 50% in developing and poor countries are suffering from Anemia.
Hemoglobin carry Oxygen in red blood cells from lungs to all tissues. Every tissue of body needs oxygen for its functioning. When oxygen carrying capacity of blood reduced due to Anemia,it has wide range of clinical consequences on different tissues.

Sign And Symptoms Of Anemia

1. Tiredness and Fatigue
2. General Malaise
3. Dyspnoea -shortness of breath on exertion
4. Palpitations – feeling of increased heart beating
5. Sweating
6. Pale skin,nail beds and mucosa of mouth
7. Nail deformity
8. Cracks in lips(cheilosis)

Types Of Anemia

Anemia is classified in many ways,but most common and convenient classification is on basis of Size of red blood cells. Size of Red blood cells can be determined by MCV (mean corpuscular volume ). Normal range for MCV is 80-100 fl. If value of RBC’s determined below 80 fl it is called Microcytic Anemia, if size is in normal range – it is Normocytic Anemia,if test value is more then 100 fl then it is called Macrocytic anemia.
There are different type of anemias among these headings:

A. Microcytic Anemia:
In this Anemia size of red blood cells is reduced due to deficiency of hemoglobin production.
1. Iron Deficiency Anemia:- It is the most common type of anemia.Women are more sufferer. In women with child bearing age ,loss of blood in menstruation every month is cause of iron deficiency. Iron is necessary for Hemoglobin production.Hemoglobin is made up of Heme and Globin. Production of Heme needs Iron. Globin is a Protein. Red Blood cells carry oxygen by holding it in hemoglobin. Loss of blood in menstruation, chronic blood loss in body as from ulcers, polyps or cancer may cause Iron deficiency anemia. Parasitic Infestations as Round Worms, Tape worms or Giardiasis may also cause Iron deficiency anemia.

2. Thalassemia:- When Globin synthesis is defected,it also reduce the availability of Hemoglobin for Red Blood Cells. It is of two types Alpha and Beta Thalassemia.
3. Anemia of Pregnancy :- Child in mothers womb use mother’s Iron stores for it’s need,and reduce mother’s Iron level.

B. Normocytic Anemia:

In this type of anemia hemoglobin is reduced but size of Red Blood Cells remain normal.
1. Aplastic Anemia:- Bone marrow failure causes this type of anemia.
2. Hemolytic Anemia
3. Anemia due to Acute Blood loss

C. Macrocytic Anemia:
Size of red blood cells is increased in this type of Anemia due to various causes.
1. Megaloblastic Anemia:- It is the most common Type of Macrocytic Anemia. Deficiency Of Vitamin B12 or Folic Acid are cause of this type of Anemia. Inadequate intake in diet or Insufficient absorption in intestines may cause less availability of Vitamin B12 or Folic Acid.
2. Use of some drugs for other disease may also cause Macrocytic Anemia as Zidovudine,Methoterxate and some other drugs .
3. Alcoholism

Diagnosis

On finding sign and symptoms related to Anemia, Physicians may advise for some Blood Tests:

1. Blood Hemoglobin Level
2. Red Blood Cell Count (RBC count)
3. MCV – Mean Corpuscular Volume
These are common test,in some cases few more extensive tests are desirable as:
4. Serum Glucose
5. ESR – Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate
6. Ferritin
7. Serum iron
8. Serum Vitamin B12
9. RBC Folate Level
10. Peripheral Blood Picture (PBC)
11. Bone Marrow Examination
12.Renal Function test

Treatment

Treatment is based on diagnosis of type of Anemia. Iron deficiency anemia need more iron. Iron rich diet includes red meat; green, leafy vegetables; beans; dried apricots and other dried fruits; almonds; seaweeds; parsley; whole grains. Intake of Vitamin C is very necessary with rich Iron diet ,Vitamin C increase the absorption of Iron from intestines.
In cases of deficiency of Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid, doses of these necessary element is suggested. Anemia due to Chronic disease is treated by taking care of those disorders. In severe cases of Anemia blood transfusion may be advised.

Homeopathic treatment

Homeopathy treats every patient on it’s individual symptoms and traits. In cases of dietary insufficiency proper diet is advised. In women disorders Homeopathic medicines effectively cure Profuse menstruation problems which is the most common cause of Anemia in women. Chronic diseases of Intestinal tract as Hemorrhoids, Fissure, ulcers,Polyps which causes regular blood loss and therefore increase Anemia are also successfully cured by Homeopathic medicines.
Homeopathic Iron formulations are more easily absorbable then all other iron formulations. In pregnancy Homeopathic iron tablets are more successful to maintain blood hemoglobin level.

Some Homeopathic Medicines for Anemia are:

Arsenic Album, Calcarea Carbonica, Calcarea Phos, Ferrum Metalicum, Ferrum Ars, Graphites, Kali carbonica, Mangnum Aceticum, Natrum Mur, Nitric Acid, Phosphorus, Pulsatilla, Sulphur, Argentum Nitricum, Cyclamen etc. There are more than 119 medicines for Anemia in Homeopathy.

These medicine improve Anemic condition very efficiently but as per rule Homeopathic medicines work strictly on similar symptom criterion.

Pelvic Inflammatory disease is a disease of young women who are sexually active and in child born age.Pelvic inflammatory disease is Inflammation of woman’s upper genital tract or reproductive organs( cervix,uterus,fallopian tubes,ovaries and surrounding tissues), main victims are fallopian tubes and ovaries. Infection by bacteria is most common cause .

How Nature Protect Reproductive Organs:
There are many natural barriers which prevent entry of bacteria from cervix to upward.

1.In Virgin girls intact Hymen prevents ascending infections.
2.Acidity of Vagina inhibits the bacterial growth.
3. Cervical canal has relatively small lumen and it is filled with a plug of alakaline
mucus.
4.There are fimbrias in uterus and cervical canal which constantly move downwards
and so they discourage the spread of non-motile organisms further upward.

But this natural protective mechanism breaks during menstruation(periods), after abortion and delivery. During these events cervical canals dilates, fimbrial layer of uterus and cervical canal damages . Vaginal pH increases ( means vagina become more basic) and give favorable environment to germinal growth.
Manipulation like curettages for evacuation in abortion and manual removal of placenta give chance to entry of bacteria.
Intrauterine contraceptive device (inserting Copper T and other devices) may also be a source of infection.

Causes of PID

In developing countries most deliveries are conducted at home by untrained personals, no aseptic environment is maintained. Criminal abortions are continue. Anemia is most common disorder of women in developing world which inhibits immunity to fight with infections.
In developed world frequent change of sex partner,multiple sex partners and promiscuity are main causes of PID.

Infections Which causes PID

More than 40 type of organisms causes PID but most common infections are Chlamydia and Gonorrhea, both these organisms are transmitted sexually . More than 50% cases are infected by these 2 type of organisms.

What Happen in PID

Bacteria infects the fallopian tubes and cause inflammation. When this happens, normal tissue can become scarred and block the normal passage of an egg(block fallopian tube-either partial or full blockage). Fallopian tubes may damage.You may become infertile (unable to become pregnant). But if your tubes are partially blocked, an egg may implant outside the uterus and cause a dangerous condition called an ectopic pregnancy.

PID has two main complications

1. Infertility (unable to become pregnant)
2. Ectopic Pregnancy( Implantation of Fetus outside the uterus) it may be a dangerous condition.
An ectopic pregnancy can cause internal bleeding and even death.

Outlook of PID

1. According to US studies –Following a single episode of PID, 8% of women were infertile; after 2 episodes, 19.5% of women were infertile; and after 3 or more episodes, 40% of women were infertile.Tubal damage and scarring can result in infertility. PID is the most common cause of infertility in women.
2. Ectopic pregnancy is 6 times more common in women who have had PID at least once.
3.Chronic pelvic pain is present in up to 18% of women with PID.
4.Ovarian abscesses can occur after an episode of PID.Chronic infection may cause TOA. A TOA(tubo-ovarian mass) is a collection of bacteria, pus, and fluid that occurs in the fallopian tube. It is most often seen in teens. A TOA is also more likely to occur in teens or adult women who use intrauterine devices (IUDs) as birth control.

Symptoms of PID

1.Pain- Lower abdominal pain and Tenderness( pain on touch)
2. Back Pain
3. Heavy/foul smelling Vaginal Discharge
4.Abnormal Uterine Bleeding( Metrorrhagia)
5.Painful Sexual Intercourse
6.Painful Urination

In Acute Condition

1.Fever
2. Nausea and Vomiting
may coexist with PID.

Laboratory Tests

1. Complete Blood count.
2. Complete Urine test
3. Culture for gonorrhea and chlamydia
4. Test for other STD’s and HIV.

Imaging

1.Pelvic Ultrasound
2.Laproscopy if Indicated.

Treatment of PID

1. Bacterial samples are hard to collect from upper respiratory tract. So two type of Wide range Antibiotics can be used either orally or intravenously as indicated on intensity of symptoms.
2. Hospitalization may be necessary in severe cases or if PID occur during pregnancy(Although it is very rare) 3. Stop sexual activity until treatment is not completed. Sexual partner should also be treated to stop recurrence.

Complications Of PID

1.Infertility(unable to pregnant)
2.Ectopic pregnancy( Fertilized egg means embryo can implant outside the uterus it may be dangerous.)
3.Chronic PID -if acute infections not treated properly then chronic PID can develop.

Prevention Of PID

Follow few steps to remain healthy:-

1. Wipe from front to back after stool to prevent bacterial entery to vagina.
2.In case of vaginal itching,do not scratch ,just wash with water.
3.Frequent Vaginal douching may push bacteria to inside. So try to escape from frequent use of Vaginal douching.
4. Multiple sex partner is a potential risk of PID. Use barrier devices as latex condoms. Intrauterine Device (copper-T) does not prevent from Sexually transmitted diseases. Limit your sex partners and specially high risk partners.

Homeopathic Treatment

Either in Acute or in Chronic cases of PID homeopathy is equally indicated. In Acute PID – severe pelvic pains, backaches, fever,vomiting, uterine bleeding can be permanently relieved without leaving any complications. In cases where woman is pregnant along with PID , of course homeopathy provide safe and effective alternative to conventional treatment.
Chronic cases also equally treated successfully for pelvic pains and disturbed menstrual cycles.In cases of painful sexual intercourse homeopathy has provides good medication.
Homeopathy has more than 130 medicines for these different group of symptoms. Prescription of medicine vary case to case on individual symptoms in particular cases.

Facts

1. Avoiding tobacco may add 20 years to the life
of the teenager.About half of the teenagers who use tobacco will eventually be killed by it-about a quarter in middle age and a quarter in old age.
2. In India 9,00,000 peoples die due to tobacco related diseases per year.
3.India has the largest number of Oral Cancer in the world which is due to Tobacco.
4.In India the tobacco contributes to 56.4% and 44.9% of cancer cases in the world which is due to tobacco.
5.Tobacco smoking accounts for 82% of chronic obstructive lung disease in India.
6. It is estimated that India as compared to any other country will have the fastest rise in tobacco related deatehs each year.

Types of Tobacco used in India and worldwide

Smokeless Tobacco used in India(used for chewing):

Pan-betel quid with tobacco
Pan Masala
Tobacco areca nut and slaked lime preparation Mainpuri rabacco
Mawa
Tobacco and slaked lime (khaini)
Chewing tobacco
Suns
Mishri
Gul
Bajjar
Gudhaku
Creamy snuff
Tobacco Water

Smoked Tobacco

Beedis
Cigarettes
Cigars
Cheroots
Chuttas
Reverse chutta smoking
Dhumti
Reverse Dhumti smoking
Pipe
Hooklis
Chillum
Hookah

Effects of Tobacco Consumption

Tobacco is responsible for cancer at many sites:

Lungs, mouth, pharynx, larynx, stomach, urinary bladder, gall Bladder, penis (and possibly other organs of body).

Oral cancers (cancer of the cheek), stomach cancers, kidney cancers.

Tobacco leads to :

1.Heart and blood vessel disease, myocardial Infraction (Heart Attack), Angina (Chest Pain), sudden Cardiac Death (Unheralded sudden death), stroke (Brain Attack), peripheral Vascular Disease (Gangrene of legs).

2. There is ‘one’ tobacco related death every 8 seconds.
3.Smokers/tobacco consumers are 2 to 3 times more likely to develop heart disease and paralysis than non-smokers.
4. Smoking causes more than 90% of lung cancers and other lung diseases (chronic bronchitis, emphysema).
5.Smoking / tobacco consumption is a cause of impotence in men.
6. Smoking / tobacco consumption decreases estrogen levels in women. Menopause occurs earlier.
7.Smoking / tobacco consumption decreases ability of physical activity and decreases physical endurance.
8. Women who smoke and take birth control pills are at a greatly increased risk of a stroke.
9. Pregnant women, who smoke, have a greater chance of losing the baby, or having a baby with a low birth weight, or babies with developmental problems, or sudden infant deaths.
10. Smoking / tobacco suddenly raises the blood pressure and reduces the blood flow to the heart. It also decreases the flow of blood to the feet and can cause gangrene of the legs.
11.Tobacco damages the lining of the arteries all over the body.
12. Smoking causes health problems for children and other family members (due to second-hand smoke).
13. A non-smoker living with two packs per day smoker, smokes passively equivalent of three cigarettes per day according to unit nicotine levels.
14. It has also been found that smoking/tobacco consumption increases the risk of diabetes.
15.Higher the good cholesterol in the blood the better it is. Lower the good cholesterol in the blood higher is the threat. Tobacco lowers the good cholesterol in the blood.

Why give up tobacco?

Tobacco is a heart breaker and a body breaker as tobacco mainly kills through heart disease and cancers.

Nicotine addiction ensures life-long customers not long-life customers

It’s never too late to give it up!

Stopping smoking/tobacco even in middle age before having cancer or some other serious disease avoids most of the later excess risk of death from tobacco. The benefits of stopping at earlier ages are even greater.Once you give up tobacco the risk of heart attacks normalized to that of a non-smoker in 3 years.

Benefits of Quitting Tobacco:

Quitting smoking lowers many health risks very quickly. If you quit, here are only a few of the benefits:

The Physical benefits of quitting tobacco:

1. Your risk of cancer and heart disease will go down.
2. Stress on your heart will be reduced.
3. Your loved ones will not be harmed by your smoke.
4. Your smoker’s cough (persistent cough and phlegm) will most probably disappear.
5. Your teeth will become whiter and cleaner.

The Social benefits of quitting tobacco:

1. You will be the one in control – cigarettes will no longer control you.
2. Your self-image and self-confidence will improve.
3. You’ll be a healthier parent for your children, now and in the future.
4. You’ll have more money to spend on other things.

Tips to Quit Smoking /Tobacco

1. Hide ash trays, cigarettes, paan, jarda. Out of sight, out of mind. A simple, yet helpful endeavour.
2. Don’t let cigarettes, paan and jarda be easily available. Keep cigarettes/ jarda, paans in a place where you have to make a real effort to get them for example, another room of the house, places where you don’t go to very often, locked in a cupboard etc. Every time you have to smoke/eat jarda/paan, you should have to make a conscious effort, get up, walk and get it.
3. Figure out your “triggers” to smoke, or consume paan/jarda and ways to cope with them. Is it the company of people who smoke/eat jarda/paan? Try in the initial period to be away from smokers/paan eaters/ jarda eaters or rather when they smoke or eat pan/jarda. Do you consume tobacco when you are tense, or when you are working late, to pep you up and to give that extra energy? For that try to put something in the mouth, like chewing gums, sweets, peppermints, lozenges etc. and practice deep breathing
4. Whenever you have that craving, try deep breathing when either standing or sitting. Having a glass of water and exercising also helps to decrease the craving.
5. When you feel like taking tobacco, think of your children and the effect on their future if you develop any of the dangerous diseases caused by tobacco.
6. Set a stop date.
7. Find a support person.
8. Make plans for your first day without cigarettes/ paan/jarda.
9. Use the 4 Ds when the craving for smoking/tobacco hits you:
* Do something else
* Delay smoking/tobacco consumption the next cigarette
* Deep breathing
* Drink water
10. Use positive self-talk.
11. Reward yourself.
12. Practice relaxation techniques (yoga, walking, meditation, dancing, music etc.) every day.
13. Limit the intake of caffeine and alcohol.

Further, be active, and eat a healthy diet!

What Homeopathy can do for quitting Smoking


1.Homeopathic medicines help you to not to crave for smoking.

2.Homeopathic medicines improves the withdrawal symptoms after you quit.
3.Homeopathy save your health from side effects of long term smoking and chewing tobacco.
4.Homeopathy helps to remove irritating cough and phlegm discharges due to smoking.

Sinus infection, or sinusitis, is an inflammation of the sinuses and nasal passages. A sinus infection can cause a headache or pressure in the eyes, nose, cheek area, or on one side of the head. A person with a sinus infection may also have a cough, a fever, bad breath, and nasal congestion with thick nasal secretions. Sinusitis is categorized as acute (sudden onset) or chronic (long term, the most common type).
Structure of the sinuses (also called paranasal sinuses): The human skull contains four major pairs of hollow air–filled–cavities called sinuses. These are connected to the space between the nostrils and the nasal passage. Sinuses help insulate the skull, reduce its weight, and allow the voice to resonate within it. The four major pairs of sinuses are the:

1. Frontal sinuses (in the forehead,under eyebrow)

2. Maxillary sinuses (behind the cheek bones)

3. Ethmoid sinuses (between the eyes)

4. Sphenoid sinuses (behind the eyes)

The sinuses provide defenses against bacteria (germs). If a disruption occurs that affects the normal host defenses inside the sinuses, those defenses may allow bacteria, which are normally present in the nasal passages, to enter any of the sinuses. Once the bacteria get entry ,they stick to the lining cells and cause a sinus infection.

Acute sinusitis usually lasts less than eight weeks or occurs no more than three times per year with each episode lasting no longer than 10 days. Successful treatment counteracts damage done to the mucous lining of the sinuses and surrounding bone of the skull.

Chronic sinusitis lasts longer than eight weeks or occurs more than four times per year with symptoms usually lasting more than 20 days.

The sinuses are covered with a mucus layer and cells that contain little hairs on their surfaces called cilia. These help trap and propel bacteria and pollutants outward.Paranasal sinuses are connected to nasal cavities.

Causes of Sinus Infection

Acute sinusitis usually follows a viral infection in the upper respiratory tract, but allergens (allergy–causing substances) and pollutants may also trigger acute sinusitis. A viral infection causes damage to the cells of the sinus lining, which leads to inflammation. The lining thickens with fluid that obstructs the nasal passage. This passage connects to the sinuses. The obstruction disrupts the process that removes bacteria normally present in the nasal passages, and the bacteria begin to multiply and invade the lining of the sinus. This causes the symptoms of sinus infection. Allergens and pollutants produce a similar effect.

Bacteria that normally cause acute sinusitis are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, and Moraxella catarrhalis. These microorganisms, along with Staphylococcus aureus and anaerobes (bacteria that live without oxygen), are involved in chronic sinusitis.

Fungi are also becoming an increasing cause of chronic sinusitis, especially in people with diseases that weaken the immune system, such as AIDS, leukemia, and diabetes.

Symptoms of Sinus Infection

Signs and symptoms of sinus infections depend upon which sinuses are affected and whether the sinus infection is acute or chronic.

Acute sinusitis:

A. Ethmoid sinusitis (behind the eyes)

• Nasal congestion with discharge or postnasal drip (mucus drips down the throat behind the nose)
• Pain or pressure around the inner corner of the eye or down one side of the nose
  
• Headache in the temple or surrounding the eye
  
• Pain or pressure symptoms worse when coughing, straining, or lying on the back and better when the head is upright
• Fever

B. Maxillary sinusitis (behind the cheek bones)

• Pain across the cheekbone, under or around the eye, or around the upper teet
• Pain or pressure on one side or both
• Tender, red, or swollen cheekbone
• Pain and pressure symptoms worse with the head upright and bending forward and better when reclining
• Nasal discharge or postnasal drip
  
• Fever

C. Frontal sinusitis (behind forehead, one or both sides)

• Severe headaches in the forehead
• Fever
  
• Pain worse when reclining and better with the head upright
• Nasal discharge or postnasal drip

D. Sphenoid sinusitis (behind the eyes)

• Deep headache with pain behind and on top of the head, across the forehead, and behind the eye
• Fever
  
• Pain worse when lying on the back or bending forward
• Double vision or vision disturbances if pressure extends into the brain
• Nasal discharge or postnasal drip

Chronic sinusitis:

A. Ethmoid sinusitis

• Chronic nasal discharge, obstruction, and low–grade discomfort across the bridge of the nose
• Pain worse in the late morning or when wearing glasses
• Chronic sore throat and bad breath
• Usually recurs in other sinuses

B. Maxillary sinusitis

• Discomfort or pressure below the eye
• Chronic toothache
• Pain possibly worse with colds, flu, or allergies
• Increased discomfort throughout the day with increased cough at night

C.Frontal sinusitis

• Persistent, low–grade headache in the forehead
• History of trauma or damage to the sinus area

D.Sphenoid sinusitis

• Low–grade general headache common

Exams and Tests

The diagnosis of a sinus infection is usually made based on a thorough medical history assessment and a physical examination. Adequately distinguishing sinusitis from a simple upper respiratory infection or a common cold is important.

Sinusitis is often caused by bacteria and viruses .Upper respiratory infections and colds are viral illnesses. Proper diagnosis of these potentially similar conditions prevents confusion as to which medications should be given. Over treating viral infections with antibiotics can be dangerous.

A. X-Ray PNS(Para Nasal Sinuses) may be helpful in diagnosis of sinus infections.But it is not con formative among bacterial or viral cause of sinusitis and sometimes X-Ray study may miss the infection.

B. CT scan: In most cases, diagnosing acute sinusitis requires no tests. When testing is needed, the CT scan can clearly depict all of the paranasal sinuses, the nasal passages, and the surrounding structures.
Mucosal thickening can occur in people without symptoms of sinusitis. Therefore, CT scan findings must be correlated with a person’s symptoms and physical examination findings to diagnose a sinus infection.

C. Ultrasound: Another noninvasive diagnostic tool is ultrasound. The procedure is fast, reliable, and less expensive than a CT scan. However, the results are not as detailed as those from a CT scan.
D. Nasopharyngoscopy: Direct viewing of Nasal and pharyngeal cavity.
E.Culture and Sensitivity : Doctor may drain the affected sinus to test for organisms. This is a more invasive test than those already mentioned. During this procedure, a doctor inserts a needle into the sinus through skin (or gum) and bone in an attempt to withdraw fluid, which can be sent to the lab for culture. Any present bacteria can be identified . Usually this procedure does not needs.
Sinus Infection Treatment

Self–Care

A.Promote drainage

• Drink plenty of water and hydrating beverages. Hot tea is often recommended.
• Inhale steam two to four times per day by leaning over a bowl of boiling hot water (not while the water is on the stove) or using a steam vaporizer with a towel over the head and bowl to prevent the escape of the steam. Inhale the steam for about 10 minutes

B.Relieve pain: Pain medication such as ibuprofen , aspirin, and acetaminophen ( reduce pain and inflammation. These medications help to open the airways by reducing swelling.

Medical Treatment

The main goals in treating a sinus infection or sinusitis involve reducing the swelling or inflammation in the nasal passages and sinuses, eliminating the infection, promoting drainage from the sinuses.

Medications

1.Decongestants -help to reduce airway obstruction and are important in the initial treatment to alleviate symptoms.
2.Nasal sprays -work fastly—within one to three minutes. However, these agents should not be used for more than three days because they become less effective and developed dependency on it.
3. Oral Decongestants
Both nasal and oral decongestants have side effects, including general stimulation causing increased heart rate and blood pressure, insomnia, nervousness, anxiety, tremor, dry mouth, blurry vision, and headache. They may also cause an inability to urinate. Therefore, persons with a history of cardiac disease, high blood pressure, anxiety, or urinary problems should consult a physician before using decongestants.
4. Antibiotics: Broad spectrum antibiotics may be necessary for Bacterial infection.
5.Antiallergic drugs may be prescribed to you.
6.Steroids: Intra nasal steroids may be needed in cases of recurrent attacks of acute or chronic sinusitis.

Surgery

Surgery may be needed to remove complications of sinusitis and to remove obstruction

A.The surgery is performed endoscopically using the same fiberoptic nasopharyngoscope used to make the diagnosis.
B. During the surgery, nasal polyps can also be removed, and a crooked nasal septum can be straightened, leading to improved airflow.

Homeopathic Treatment

Homeopathy is well known for cases of Sinusitis,Allergy and recurrent infections. Homeopathy cures permanently Acute,Chronic and Allergic sinusitis. Old patients needs long term therapy to cure permanently. Homeopathy has more then 150 medicines for Allergy,Acute and Chronic Sinusitis. Children and young age persons are more vulnerable to infections of nasal cavity and sinuses. Homeopathy medicines are prescribed on basis of individuality of patient, modalities, symptoms,temperament, personality traits, mental attitudes and behavior patterns.

A detail Research article on Efficacy of homeopathic treatment in Sinusitis is available in “Indian Journal of Research in Homeopathy” in Jan-March 2008 issue.

http://www.ccrhindia.org/ijrh2(1).pdf

Constipation refers to a decrease in the frequency of bowel movements. For some people, it may mean difficulty in passing stools. A constipated stool is hard because it contains less water than normal. Constipation is a symptom, not a disease.Constipation is difficult to define clearly because as a symptom it varies from person to person.
The frequency of bowel movements also varies greatly, ranging from 3 movements per day to 3 per week. Generally, if your bowel has not opened for 3 successive days, the intestinal contents harden, and you may have difficulty or even pain during defecation.
A common misconception about constipation is that wastes stored in your body are absorbed, are dangerous to your health, and may shorten your lifespan. Some people have an underlying fear that they will be “poisoned” by their own intestinal wastes (feces) if they retain the waste in their bodies for more than a certain length of time. It is not true.
Older people are 5 times more likely than younger people to develop constipation. But experts believe that older people become too concerned with having a daily bowel movement and that constipation in this age group is overestimated.

Causes of Constipation

Constipation may result from a poor diet, poor bowel habits, or problems in elimination of stool, whether physical, functional, or voluntary.

These are the most common causes of constipation:

Poor diet: Eating foods rich in animal fats (dairy products, meats, and eggs) or refined sugar but low in fiber (whole grains, fruits, and vegetables) may cause constipation.

Poor bowel habits: Ignoring the desire to have bowel movements may initiate a cycle of constipation.After a period of time, you may stop feeling the desire for opening your bowel.This leads to progressive constipation. For example, some people may avoid using public toilets or ignore going to the toilet because they are busy.

Medications: Many medications can cause constipation.

1.Antacids -  Those containing aluminum hydroxide and calcium carbonate

2.Antispasmodic drugs-Used for pain.

3.Antidepressants- Used for mood disorders and other psychiatric illness.

4.Iron tablets- For anemia and used in Pregnancy.

5.Anticonvulsant drugs- used in Epilepsy

6. Painkillers: Narcotic-containing drugs, for instance, may interfere with bowel functions.

Travel: Changes in lifestyle, low fluid intake, and eating fast food may cause constipation.

Irritable bowel syndrome (spastic colon): This is one of the most common causes of constipation. Because of changes in bowel function, if you have this disorder, you may have crampy abdominal pain, excessive gas, bloating, and constipation.

Laxative abuse: Habitually using laxatives gradually will produce dependency on them.

A.You may eventually require increasing amounts of laxatives to move your bowels.

B.In some instances, the bowel will become insensitive to laxatives and fail to open.

Pregnancy: Constipation during pregnancy may be due to several factors. Each of the following conditions produces severe pain on defecation, which may trigger a reflex spasm of the anal sphincter muscle. The spasm may delay bowel movement and decrease the desire for bowel opening as a means to avoid the anal pain.

1.Mechanical pressure on your bowel by the heavy womb
2.Hormonal changes during pregnancy
3.Changes in food and fluid intake

Anal fissure (cracks in the anus)
Hemorrhoids (piles)
Anal stenosis (narrow anus)

Intestinal obstruction: Mechanical compression and interference with the normal functions of the bowel may occur in the following ways:

Inflammatory adhesions and joining of tissues
Intestinal tumors or foreign bodies
Gallstones that have become immovably wedged in the intestine
Twisting of the intestine upon itself (volvulus)
Intussusception: “Telescoping of the intestine” in which one part of your intestine slips or is drawn onto another part just below it (This occurs mainly in children.)
Abdominal hernia: Loops of the intestine become obstructed
Damage to nerves within intestine: (Spinal cord tumors, multiple sclerosis, or spinal cord injuries may produce constipation by interfering with the function of the nerves supplying the intestine.)
Connective tissue diseases: Conditions such as scleroderma and lupus
Poor-functioning thyroid gland : A low production of thyroxin, a hormone produced by the thyroid gland, hypothyroidism, causing constipation

Lead poisoning and other metabolic disorders

Age: Older adults are more likely to have constipation for these reasons:

Poor diet and insufficient intake of fluids
Lack of exercise
Side effects of prescription drugs used to treat other conditions
Poor bowel habits
Prolonged bed rest, for example after an accident or during an illness
Habitual use of enemas and laxatives

Symptoms

You may exhibit a broad range of symptoms of constipation depending on your normal bowel habits, diet, and age. These are common problems you may have if you are constipated:

1. Difficulty in starting or completing a bowel movement
2.Infrequent and difficult passage of stool
3.Passing hard stool after prolonged straining in the toilet
4.You  may have irritable bowel syndrome, crampy abdominal pain, excessive gas, a sense of bloating, and a change in bowel habits
5.You  may have intestinal obstruction, nausea, vomiting, no defecation, and inability to pass gas
6.Distended abdomen, headaches, and loss of appetite
7.Coated (furred) tongue, offensive breath, and bad taste in your mouth

When to Seek Medical Care

If you have these concerns:

1.Symptoms are severe and last longer than 3 weeks
2.Recent and significant change in bowel habits, for instance, constipation alternates with diarrhea
3.Severe pain in the anus during a bowel movement
4.Symptoms of other diseases in addition to constipation (For example- tiredness, fatigue, poor tolerance to cold weather may suggest the need to assess your thyroid function for hypothyroidism, an under active gland.)
5.Constipation for 2 weeks or longer with returning abdominal pain, which might be a sign of lead poisoning

Seek emergency medical care:

Although constipation may be extremely uncomfortable, it is usually not serious. It may signal a serious underlying disorder, however, such as cancer of the bowel. Because constipation may lead to complications – Rectal bleeding.

1.Anal pain and hemorrhoids
2.Anal fissures or cracks in the mucous lining (severe pain during defecation in the anal area)
3.Fecal impaction (immovable intestinal contents) in very young children and in older adults
4.Rectal prolapse or sagging (Occasionally, straining causes a small amount of the intestinal lining to push out from the rectal opening. This may lead to secretion of mucus that may stain underpants.)
5.Recurrent vomiting with constipation and abdominal pain (This may suggest intestinal obstruction and needs urgent hospital treatment.)

Exams and Tests

Your Doctor may ask you several questions, conduct a physical exam, and perform certain lab tests to find out possible causes of your constipation.

Your answers to these questions will help your doctor assess your condition and plan treatment options.
1.What are your normal bowel habits?
2.How long have you had difficulty in passing stool?
3.When was the last time you passed stool?
4.Are you able to pass gas?
5.Do you experience any abdominal or anal pain?Could you indicate with your finger the site of your pain?How would you describe your abdominal pain?
6.Have you noticed any changes in your body temperature?
7.Have you tried any medication? Did it help?
8.Do you usually take laxatives or an enema? If yes, what type of laxatives and how many tablets per day do you usually take?Do you feel that you always need laxatives to pass stool?
9.Do you have any other symptoms?
10.Any changes in your appetite?
11.Any changes in your body weight?
12.Do you feel better after passing stools?
13.Do you feel sick? Have you thrown up?
14.Any hospital admission or investigations for similar illness?
15.Are you pregnant?
16.Do you smoke cigarettes? When did you start smoking? How many cigarettes do you smoke per day?
17.Do you drink alcohol? Coffee? Tea?
18.Do you use drugs? Any medications?
19.Have you ever had surgery? What surgery? When?
20.Any joint pain, eye problems, back or neck pain, or skin changes?
21.Do you usually prefer the warm weather?
22.Do you usually feel tired?
23.Do you have a family history of constipation or bowel cancer?

Examination

Your Doctor will examine your abdomen, anus, and other body systems including the nervous system, the thyroid gland (for any goiter), and the musculo -skeletal system. What the provider examines will depend on your answers to the questions and any history that may suggest certain disorders.
Your Doctor will decide which tests you need based on your symptoms, history, and examination. These tests will help assess the actual cause of the problem. The most commonly used tests may include the following:

Laboratory tests

Examining a stool sample under a microscope.
Full blood count and blood film.
Thyroid function tests if hypothyroidism suspected.

Imaging

Upright plain x-ray of your chest and abdomen – May show free air from intestinal perforation or signs of intestinal obstruction.

Barium enema – May reveal a normal sized colon.

Assessment of food movement – May demonstrate a prolonged and delayed transit time.

Procedures

Sigmoidoscopy – May help to detect problems in your rectum and lower colon. Your doctor will insert a flexible lighted instrument through your anus to visualize the rectum and the lower intestine.

Colonoscopy – Using an internal examination, your doctor can confirm the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome by ruling out more serious disorders. The doctor also may take tissue biopsies for further studies to assess the cause underlying your symptoms.

Treatment

If your bowel is not blocked, you and your health care provider must establish realistic goals of medical treatment.
All cases will require dietary advice. Treatment may be difficult, particularly in those with chronic constipation. Your doctor may prescribe bulk-forming agents in addition to dietary changes.
Increased activity in the elderly and regular exercise in younger people will help.

Care at Home

1.Get more fiber or bulk in your diet.
2.Regular physical activity is an important component in bowel health.
3.Drink plenty of fluids, especially water and fruit juices. Drink 6-8 glasses of water daily in addition to your beverages with meals.
4.Go to the toilet at the same time every day—preferably after meals—and take enough time.
5.Use non digestible sugar (lactose) or specially formulated solutions.
6.Avoid using over-the-counter laxatives. Try to avoid laxatives containing senna (Senokot) or buckthorn (Rhamnus purshiana) because long-term intake may damage the lining of your bowel and injure nerve endings to the colon.
7.Try a daily exercise such as the knee-to-chest position. Such positions may activate bowel movements. Spend about 10-15 minutes in this position. Breathe in and out deeply.

Medication

If these initial measures fail, your doctor may try a number of laxatives on a short-term basis. You must consult with your doctor before using any of these agents, particularly on long-term basis.
A.Mineral oils
B.Sodium docusate or calcium docusate are useful when you must avoid straining, such as after a heart attack, during pregnancy, or after gastrointestinal surgery.
C.Saline laxatives such as magnesium hydroxide (Phillips Milk of Magnesia) or sodium phosphate (Phospho-Soda, Fleet enema) are not recommended if you have renal insufficiency (an inability or reduced capacity of the kidney to remove waste). These laxatives may produce severe side effects if used on long-term basis.
D.Polyethylene glycol 3350 (Miralax) is an osmotic laxative that is not absorbed by your stomach. It holds water in the bowel, resulting in looser stools and a laxative effect. It may be taken occasionally for constipation (up to 2 wk). Miralax is a drink prepared by mixing a powder with 240 mL (8 oz) of water.
E.Nonabsorbable sugars such as lactulose and sorbitol may be useful. Furthermore, they are usually acceptable for long-term use. However, they usually produce crampy abdominal pain, diarrhea, and electrolyte imbalance.
F.Cisapride (Propulsid) may work if you have constipation caused by slow fecal movement. However, it has been withdrawn from US markets because it may cause lethal irregular heartbeats.
Your doctor will treat any underlying diseases (intestinal obstruction, anal fissure, hemorrhoids, and bowel cancer).
G.If you have irritable bowel syndrome, you should stop smoking and avoid coffee and milk-containing foods. A food diary may help to identify foods that seem to worsen symptoms.
H.Thyroxin will be prescribed if the doctor determines through clinical and laboratory tests that you have an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism).

Homeopathy : Wide scope in Constipation

Homeopathy has 240 medicines for constipation, Irritable Bowel Syndrome,Hemorrhoids,Fissure, Pregnancy related constipation, constipation caused by medication for another diseases(side effect of other therapies), constipation in Bottle fed babies and co existing symptoms as headache,recurring ulcers in mouth,bad smell in mouth,lack of appetite,headache with constipation are permanently curable by Homeopathy.
Homeopathy treats on basis of individual symptoms and signs ,habits, behavior and chronicity of disease. Homeopathic medicines not make a patient dependant on them but slowly try to regularize the system . Constipation is permanently curable by Homeopathic medicines. Some most commonly used Homeopathic medicines are:-

Sulphur , Bryonia , Natrum Mur, Nux Vomica, Graphites, Aesculus, Alumina, Alumen, Calcarea, Causticum, Collinsonia, Lycopodium, Mag Mur, Nitric Acid, Opium, Phosphorus, Platina, Sepia, Silcea, Staphsigaria, Vertarum Album, Ammonium Mur, Anacardium, Hydrastis,Kali Bichromicum,  Kali Carb, Lac Def, Lachesis, Mezerium, Plumbum Met, Sanicula, Arnica, Berberis, Chelidonium, Ratanhia etc.

How we can Prevent Our self from Constipation?

1.Develop regular bowel habits. Set aside time after breakfast to visit the toilet.
2.Do not ignore the desire to defecate. Answer nature’s call to empty your bowel as soon as possible.
3.Eat a well-balanced diet that includes wheat grains, fresh fruits, and vegetables. Recent evidence suggests that increasing dietary fiber intake may help some people with hard stools but is not necessarily of benefit to every person with constipation.
4.Drink plenty of water and fruit juice.
5.Exercise regularly. Walking is especially important.
6.Avoid intake of medications that may cause constipation. Your doctor will help you in this regard.
7.The use of laxatives can actively make a constipation problem worse in the long run and should be avoided.